Critical Period for Language Acquisition Chomsky

Basic Period for Language Acquisition Chomsky Chomsky guaranteed that there was a basic period for language realizing which was first proposed by Eric Lenneberg. He guaranteed, as Cook Newson (1996:301) clarify, that there is a basic period during which the human brain can learn language; previously or after this period language can't be obtained in a characteristic manner. In spite of the fact that the uncommon instances of wild youngsters who had been denied of first language in youth appears to help the possibility of basic period however it isn't known for distinct if hardship was the main purpose behind their language learning challenges as Sampson (1997:37) brings up, it isn't sure if kids in instances of outrageous hardship experience difficulty learning language since they have missed their alleged basic period or on the off chance that it is a result of the extraordinary injury they have experienced.Although Chomsky was a compelling and fruitful nativist, Sampson (1997:159) claims his hypotheses were given some assistan ce by outer conditions. Behaviorist Theory and Chomskys Innatism Further, thinking the achievement of these new nativist scholars Sampson says When Chomsky initially explained a contention, the peruser would survey it and might recognize its deceptions; yet when ongoing authors allude to something as having been set up, harking back to the 1960s-70s, most perusers are probably going to accept this based on previous experience, for absence of time and vitality to check the sources.Finally, regarding the matter of nature versus sustain banter, which so intensely includes Chomsky, it appears to be difficult to recognize whether language is just gained because of ecological introduction or basically because of natural resources. From the proof it appears that people have intrinsic abilities which empower phonetic turn of events, yet the right condition, with presentation to grown-up language all through the basic time frame, likewise is by all accounts essential all together for a kid to create and turn into a capable speaker. Singleton assesses the situation in these words, The one capability that may be entered as to such proof is that hardship of language contribution during the stage in a childs life when intellectual advancement is at its most extraordinary may have very broad mental/psychological impacts, and that it might be these general impacts that are reflected in later language improvement rather that impacts relating explicitly to a basic period for language (Singleton 1989, 54). The behaviorist hypothesis is likewise negated by the way that little youngsters regularly commit insightful errors as they become familiar with a language. As they progress past the two-word stage, they start to comprehend and attempt to communicate progressively complex ideas, for example, majority, past tense and invalidation. Slip-ups, for example, sheeps, goed, and I no need to, are completely framed from formulae in the English language. In the principal case, the kid has gotten a handle on the general guideline that/s/at word endings infers mutiple, however has not yet recognized anomalies. The equivalent applies to the second;/ed/is a regularized past tense completion. In the third occasion, the youngster certainly comprehends the idea of nullification, however can't yet recognize the various types of communicating it, (for example, don't, dont; won't, wont; no; none and so forth) or totally understand the unpredictable language structure included. (Encourage Cohen, 1999, 89) If youngsters just learned through redundancy and impersonation, would they have the option to deliver expressions with sentence structure applied that they could never have heard their folks use? Chomsky and the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) Along these lines there must be more to a childs semantic advancement than just social components. Speculations proposing that the human cerebrum has a one of a kind limit with respect to language which is hereditary and exists from before birth incorporate Chomsky and the Language Acquisition Device, Piaget and Cognitive hypothesis and Lenneberg and the Critical Period. The Language Acquisition Devise (LAD), as per Chomsky, is an inalienable component encouraging the learning of language, comprising of neural wirings and cerebrum structures extraordinary to individuals. A youngster shouldn't be shown language officially, however essentially should be presented to grown-up discourse. This easy disclosure of the language framework is because of LAD. Chomsky, 1986, 118) The four properties of LAD are: Capacity to recognize discourse sounds from over natural sounds Capacity to arrange etymological occasions into different properties Information that lone a particular sort of phonetic framework is conceivable Capacity to participate in steady assessment of creating etymological frameworks, for example, producing new sentences and choosing the right tense. Chomsky contends that language creates in a uniform manner, which is hereditarily decided, and that learning creates in a person with the trigger of understanding. The human cerebrum is prepared for language admission from birth, and introduction to grown-up discourse enacts it. An old analysis where a sovereign arranged for a gathering of kids to experience childhood in detachment with no introduction to language brought about none of them creating language for correspondence. This demonstrates presentation to grown-up language is basic for etymological turn of events, as language won't show up without it. A childs language creates through speculation testing: choosing an articulation and giving it a shot guardians. Through experimentation, their discourse will in the end compare to grown-up discourse. Chomskys LAD hypothesis along these lines ties in with the behaviorist hypothesis, however keeps up that language procurement is substantially more unpredictable then basically impers onation on the grounds that inborn resources are likewise included. In the event that language improvement is reliant on nature setting off the LAD, would could it be that decided how and when kids realize what? Surely, similar phases of phonetic procurement happen for all kids (for example holophrastic, two-word, transmitted), in a similar request and at generally comparative ages.Piagets Cognitive Theory recognizes language as a component of information obtaining. He accepted that the development of information is a dynamic development of legitimately installed structures supplanting each other by a procedure of consideration of lower, less ground-breaking sensible methods into higher and all the more impressive ones up to adulthood. This implies childrens rationale and thinking techniques are initially extraordinary to grown-ups. Piagets subjective hypothesis recommends language is one of numerous intellectual practices, and it rises up out of psychological turn of events or figuring out how to think and issue understand. Notwithstanding, this hypothesis is negated by the mixed drink party prattler youngsters. Perceptions of these youngsters have proposed that a capacity to adapt to language structure is to a great extent separate from general insight. They talk for talking and their sentences may not bode well. In any case, as the behaviorist hypothesis may have proposed, they are not just rehashing phrases they have heard, in light of the fact that they commit linguistic errors, for example, three tickets were gave out by a police a year ago which they would not have heard said. A hypothesis which would clarify why these mixed drink party babblers might talk smoothly even with a low non-verbal I.Q. is Lennebergs Critical Period Theory. He believed language to be a case of maturationally controlled conduct, such as strolling and sexual conduct, which is hereditarily customized to rise at a specific stage in a people life. Learning is required, yet can't be altogether hurried by training. Aitchinson Reith reveals to us no outer occasion or cognizant choice causes it, and a standard grouping of achievements can be diagrammed. At the point when the cerebrum is in this period, lateralisation happens, when the different sides of the mind create specific capacities. Lenneberg perceived that in a grown-up cerebrum, language is discovered distinctly in the left side of the equator, while in earliest stages it is progressively spread out, which means the baby mind has equipotential. Non domesticated Children Phenomenon Alleged non domesticated youngsters, those that have had no introduction to language in their basic period have assisted with crediting Lennebergs hypothesis. Genie is a model. She was kept in dreadfully denied conditions, with practically no social contact or introduction to language until she was found at age thirteen. Endeavors were made to show her language, yet in spite of the fact that she advanced to the two-word and three-word stages like most kids, her absence of morphology was never helped. She just got a handle on straightforward linguistic ideas. Had and gave where her just past tenses which were utilized seldom and her lone assistant was be; never have or should. She never utilized the demonstratives there or it in spite of the fact that there were endeavors at the positive article the. Genie shows that after the basic time frame, down to earth abilities can in any case be grown yet the basic information on language is lost. She recommends that a youngster must be presen ted to language during the basic time frame, and that after adolescence language obtaining can't arrive at its typical end point. (Day off, 1978, 1116) This proposes all inclusive syntax is not, at this point usable as a LAD. About Genies case, De Villiers is of the supposition that It is superfluous to clarify that such conditions didn't leave Genie unblemished in body and psyche. In any case, in spite of the fact that she was malnourished, there was no proof of physical anomalies adequate to represent her conduct, for she had satisfactory hearing, vision and eye-hand coordination. She was seriously upset inwardly, having continuous however quiet fits, yet there were no different indications of youth chemical imbalance. The most probable clarification was the ceaseless social hardship she had languished over those twelve years (De Villiers De Villiers 1978, p.215) Basic Period and Language Acquisition What the basic time frame hypothesis fails to accentuate is the manner by which kids learn language, focusing more on the logical clarification for why they can. The way that kids unquestionably need presentation to a

Intercultural communication( this is the course I'm studying, not the Assignment - 1

Intercultural correspondence( this is the course I'm considering, not the theme) - Assignment Example On my appearance, I saw I didn't know anybody and every one of those in participation were Chinese and I don't know by any chance know a solitary Spanish word. I realized this would have been hard for me due to the language hindrance. Everyone's eyes were on me and I felt significantly increasingly awkward. I realized everybody anticipated that me should present myself since I watched simply out spot. I didn't have the foggiest idea whether reacting with a gesture would be viewed as ill bred, yet it was my solitary choice. I had found in Chinese films that when they welcomed each other they bowed as an indication of regard, I would team up with gesturing bearing in mind the end goal of not humiliating myself. At last, somebody went to the entryway and acquainted herself with me in Chinese I gestured and I bowed somewhat. She bowed as well, and requested that I come in, in English. I felt so diminished and I disclosed to her that I didn't know Chinese. She chuckled and disclosed to me that I was in karma that she was there since nobody else in the family communicated in English. She disclosed to me that when she acquaints me with the grievers it is conscious to stand up, grin, and take a gander at them easily and after the presentation; I could shake hands (Kao, 9). She presented me as her cousin’s companion and clarified that I didn't know Chinese or anything to do with their way of life. They took a gander at me with smiley faces with some in any event, chuckling and this caused to feel especially quiet. After the administration, I set aside some effort to converse with her and she disclosed to me a couple of things about her way of life including how to utilize chopsticks. I lamented not taking an enthusiasm to gain proficiency with the language or even to realize how to state hello there when my companion was as yet alive. I took in a great deal at that internment and it made an enthusiasm to consider the Chinese language. I consequently showed them a couple of things about our way of life and our food. I understood that there is continually something new and fascinating in different societies. On the off chance that individuals would set aside more effort to find out about each

Are For-Profit Colleges Worth the Cost

Are For-Profit Colleges Worth the Cost Are For-Profit Colleges Worth the Cost? Are For-Profit Colleges Worth the Cost?If youre thinking about getting a degree from a for-profit university, make sure that you do a lot of researchâ€"and talk to some graduates of that schoolâ€"before doing so.A college degree is often seen as a requirement for achieving the American Dream. But is it actually? Well, that depends on what you consider the American Dream to be. Statistically, just having a bachelor’s degree gives you access to a much higher earning potential and a much lower rate of unemployment.But while having some sort of degree feels less optional than ever, there are more options to get a post-high school education than ever before. In addition to traditional, non-profit four-year programs, there are trade schools, apprenticeships, and community colleges.There are also for-profit colleges, which have gotten a bad reputation after a seemingly endless series of new stories revealing controversy and corruption within various for-profit college institutions. So how exactly do for-profit colleges work, and are they an option worth considering?Let’s find out!For-profit colleges: What are they?On a basic level, for-profit universities are exactly what they sound like. Similarly to non-profit schools, for-profit universities offer classes that culminate in a degree. And as the name suggests, they also have owners or shareholders who derive a profit from the tuition the school charges.A non-profit school’s main goal is, theoretically, providing a quality education. The ultimate goal of a for-profit school, as is the case with all for-profit business, is to make money.This doesn’t necessarily mean that a for-profit school couldnt offer a good education. After all, if a school can prove that it offers a good education and a degree that leads to a prosperous career, one can imagine more students would choose that school, leading to more tuition fees which would lead to more profits.However, as anyone who has tried to talk to a cable company on the phone will tell you, for-profit companies do not always see providing the best service as the ideal means to making the most profit.For-profit colleges: The scandals and corruption.Before we touch upon the long and extensive patterns of corruption, scandal, and grifting within the for-profit college system, it’s only fair that we acknowledge that non-profit universities have had centuries of scandals of their own.From deadly Ivy League football games to recent Full House-adjacent admissions scandals, “traditional” schools are the source of many newsworthy controversies as well as a major part of the more mundane, but more impactful, student debt crisis.That being said, for-profit colleges are far  more likely to have fraud claims lodged against them. Many of these schools have been found to mislead potential students by providing false or misleading statistics about their students’ job prospects and utilizing “hard sell” tactics to pressure potential students into si gning up for courses that might not be worth the money they’ll be paying for them.Remember how we said that a company can earn more profits by providing a better service than its competitors? It turns out they can also make a higher profit by deceiving potential customers, especially when the organizations that are supposed to be regulating them start choosing not to do so.For-profit schools will also specifically target veterans and poor people in an effort to get more public funding, in addition to encouraging students to take out excessive loans they might never be able to pay off. For-profit colleges: Should you consider them?Given all of this negative information we just dropped on you, you may be wondering if for-profit colleges are ever worth considering. We wouldn’t say you should never consider them, but you should be incredibly cautious.For-profit schools close often and abruptly, so a school without an established background is likely too risky to consider. You’ll w ant to do a lot of research and, ideally, speak to successful graduates of the program. If you can’t find any successful graduates to speak to, that’s probably a bad sign.Above all, take your time and do your due diligence. Don’t get pressured into anything, especially taking on a lot of debt you may be left with no way to pay off.Of course, many people can’t just choose a prestigious non-profit university to attend. If your dad was Greg Harvardâ€"of Harvard fameâ€"you probably wouldn’t be here reading this article.If a “traditional” college is out of your reach and for-profit colleges are too risky, what options are you left with? Trade schools are a good option for many workers: They’re tailored towards teaching a specific skill, which means that they’re more affordable and require less of a time commitment than a four-year school. Unfortunately, trade schools have their own sets of scams, so you’ll have to be wary and do your research.Community college may als o be right for you! It’s cheaper and can be a path to transferring to a four-year school, or a means to a good education and career all on its own.Regardless of what options you’re considering, it should be clear by now that there is some advice that will apply no matter which educational options you’re considering. Just to reiterate, you’ll want to talk to graduates, conduct as much research as possible, and do your full due diligence before you even begin to think about taking out any loans.Now put on your study cap and start reading up on your educational possibilities! To learn more about how you can increase your future earning potential, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:10 College Majors That Will Get You Paid10 Tips to Nail Your Job Interview10 Skills You’ll Need in the Job Market of Tomorrow10 Tips to Help You Score That Big PromotionDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

Essay Eth/125 Assignment Final Project - 1929 Words

What information about diversity in the United States has helped you better understand or relate to others in ways that you may not have in the past? Diversity in the united states in not something new here but in fact spans back many generations. Diversity is everywhere and no one can truly get away from it, but by accepting it a person can learn how to lead a better fuller life with variety of understanding for the people that come in contact with. I feel that the biggest thing I learned in this call about diversity is not that there is diversity but that there is a lot of work to be done to farther the peace action between the groups of people knowing this make me realize that the us is not yet a unity but is trying and gives me more†¦show more content†¦In other wording the U.S. is showing that it’s ok to be one and to stand together and in time I think we will. †¢ How can we foster a climate of acceptance and cultural pluralism in the United States? Pluralism is a state in which racial and ethnic categories, though distinct, have equal social standing. (Macionis, 2012 pg.84) So in stating what it is we are looking to foster gives us a better idea of what to expect if we do foster a climate of acceptance and cultural pluralism in the United States. Though to get there we need to teach, I mean really teach each other and about one another in every way form what we eat to how we celebrate traditions. We need to get everyone involved as much as possible, which means in schools, jobs, and community. By doing all of this we will have a better understanding of one another which well level out the minorities with the majorities and make acceptance easier all around. †¢ In what ways does the media perpetuate stereotyping and prejudice? Provide examples to support your assertion. The media I feel perpetuates stereotyping and prejudice by ways of take on old way and making them fix into the new. This is still stereotyping, it is still racism, it is still discrimination and it is wrong, wrong because the media is not trying to help resolve issue of this topic but in an effect helping to create it. In this day and age that media is watched more than ever and it is teaching that it is ok to by this way or viewShow MoreRelatedEssay on Eth 125 Final Project2099 Words   |  9 PagesFinal Project: Race and Your Community Mel Morgan October 12, 2010 ETH/125 Instructor: Gail DeCina, L.C.S.W, C.A.P. I live in Charlotte North Carolina; I just purchased a home in a community called Ballantyne. This community is on what we consider the south side of Charlotte. In February of this year, members of my community were told that there was going to be a public housing development built on a seven acre lot that has been vacant for many years. An emergency community meetingRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pagessay, but not if they emerge from companies that are simultaneously corrupting the political process. 111 138 EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES 144 PANEL DISCUSSION 45 FIRST PERSON Preparing for the Perfect Product Launch James P. Hackett How come some projects fail while others succeed? This is the story of a CEO who refused to accept failures as inevitable and set up a system to prevent them. Satisï ¬ cing Don Moyer Optimizing – the art of ï ¬ nding the best choice among all choices – is a luxury we canRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagesthe pro- 8 gram— 9 (A) may vary by age so long as the ratio 10 of the highest such premium to the lowest such 11 premium does not exceed the ratio of 2 to 1; 12 (B) shall be set at a level that does not ex- 13 ceed 125 percent of the prevailing standard rate 14 for comparable coverage in the individual mar- 15 ket; and 16 (C) shall be adjusted for geographic vari- 17 ation in costs. Health insurance issuers shall provide such informa- 19 Read MoreRed Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Security Guide50668 Words   |  203 PagesNotice Copyright  © 2011 Red Hat, Inc. Based on the Fedora Security Guide (current version at http://docs.fedoraproject.org/enUS/Fedora/16/html/Security_Guide/index.html), written by Johnray Fuller, Eric Christensen, Adam Ligas, and other Fedora Project contributors. T he text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license (CC-BY-SA). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3

Quality Management - 775 Words

Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Competition Paper Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Competition Paper Quality Management within any organization is important because it will guide the organization to success. The goal that the organization is looking to accomplish will heavily depend on what quality of service is offered to the customers. Managers, who provide quality service will increase the level of satisfaction to the customers. Businesses aim to provide the highest level of quality service and products to their customers. In this paper the student will compare and contrast two organizations, one in global market and one in the domestic market. The use of quality†¦show more content†¦Lufthansa Airlines also has a long -term strategic plan for the success of their airline; this airline is always developing techniques for effective communication to ensure that their employees apply total quality to their work. This airline strives to ensure long-term competitiveness in the global market. A successful strategy for developing markets and sales activities relies strongly on t he strategic orientation of an airport as well as the relevant market and customer needs. That is why Lufthansa services are always based on a thorough assessment of their markets, customer base, potential, and existing processes (Lufthansa, 2011) 1. Distribution Channel management –Secure and increase airline revenue and reduce cost 2. Airline- e commerce strategy- using the Internet as a strong platform for information and sales. 3. Airline revenue management and pricing policy- Marketing and sales 4. The sales/distribution strategy and planning- this includes assessment, identification, improvement, and implementation. Competiveness in the global and domestic market The approach for long-term success in the global and domestic market assists both companies in increasing new and innovative plans. These plans should meet the requirements of the customers and the industry in, which they serve. Both airlines have affective strategies in meeting their long-term goals throughShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of Total Quality Management1946 Words   |  8 Pages Total Quality Management is the concept of processes and integration all of functions in an organization in order that to focus on quality control and approach to long-term success will continue improvement in all aspects but not short- term goal. TQM of business plan began in 1980 in the United States. It was popular until early 1990. Nowadays, in the small business to large business, including restaurant and fast food businesses that used system quality standards to manage the organization becauseRead MoreQuality And Total Quality Management1662 Words   |  7 PagesQuality is defined by meeting customers needs. Total quality management in the company through continuous improvement of the quality of its products, services and people. 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No. : 20142314 Email : itsmemilton@gmail.com Word Count : 1706 Prepared for : PROF. RAY NINOW Introduction: Substandard building work is on the ascent, with protests to the administration run Licensed Building Practitioners plan up 30 for each penny this year. The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment which runs the plan says more developers

Weston Meehan Free Essays

In today’s society there is a war going on, a battle to control our minds, hearts, and souls with a simple idea. An idea so dangerous that it not only has it indoctrinated us as a generation, but indoctrinating future generations without so much has a scrap of scientific evidence. An idea that questions our livelihood, why we are here, why we do what we do, and where do we go when it is all said and done. We will write a custom essay sample on Weston Meehan or any similar topic only for you Order Now This idea is known as the Evolutionary theory and its concepts derived nearly 200 years ago by Charles Darwin in his book the Origin of Species. Darwin states† I see no good reasons why the views given in this volume should shock the religious views of anyone. † (1859, pp. 520) Claiming Evolution does not exist would be as empirical as proving God does exist. In these arguments there is no middle ground, either God does exist or he does not, either evolution is real or it is not. There is only one way to prove the evidence and that is to seek it out with examination. Would such evidence exist? If so what could possibly the nature of this evidence? Before the Evolutionary theory’s inception the four burning questions of man has been who am I, where did I come from, why am I here, and where do I go when I die? The answer to these questions has always been some sort of religion, and that this world has a designer with an incredible plan. Now as time has progressed a very dangerous solution was introduced to the world and with its arrival it is changing the very fabric of humanity. The new religion of the day is science and this affects our legal system, school system, and thought process. These effects over time can be detrimental to the minds and morals of us as a society. One of the most basic and fundamental questions of the human mind is the question, â€Å"does God exist? † The one thing every human has in common is having a worldview. A worldview is how you view the world. There are two ways you can view this world. Some people look at this world and say, â€Å"it’s amazing this came from evolution† that is the Evolutionists’ worldview. Others say, â€Å"this world has incredible design there must be a designer† this is the Creationists’ worldview. These two views are polar- opposite from each other in a clash where one side has to be wrong. When mentioning Evolution, keep in mind that there are six theories and basis to the word evolve. Cosmic Evolution: the origin of time, space, and matter i. e. the â€Å"Big Bang†. Chemical Evolution: the origin of higher elements from hydrogen. Stellar and Planetary Evolution: origin of stars and planets. Organic Evolution: the origin of life. Macroevolution: the changing from one kind in to another. Finally, Microevolution: variations within kinds. These theories are studied in every American education curriculum but only one has scientifically been proven. In a common Webster Dictionary from an online website the definition of the Big Bang Theory (Cosmic Evolution) is â€Å"a theory in astronomy: the universe originated billions of years ago in an explosion from a single point of nearly infinite energy density. † (Webster Dictionary Online) Another is Alan Guth’s theory stating, â€Å"†¦ the entire observable universe could have evolved from an infinitesimal (Greek for dot) region. It’s then tempting to go one step further and speculate that the entire universe evolved from literally nothing. † (1984 p. 128). The two theories of the creation of the Earth are basically the same but the Evolutionists believe it happened for no reason. The Creationists believe that God was the creator. The first law of the Conservation of matter is that, â€Å"matter (and or energy) cannot be created or destroyed. † Thus, if the matter cannot be created nor destroyed then who created this world? The choices still remain, it created itself or someone created it. Scientifically how can something be created from nothing unless there was a creator? Instead of raising questions that are gaudy, scientific, and quite frankly a bit harder to understand I would like to use history as the main source of discussion. The arguments most skeptics tend to stray away from are whether or not Dinosaurs existed with man. As ridiculous as that might sound to do believe that the very thought of such a notion existing could shake the beliefs of your modern Evolutionists. If dinosaurs did exist then the Evolutionary theory would be completely and utterly false and visa versa for creation. This topic is rarely touched based on just due to most of societies’ presuppositions on the matter and considering alternative evidence with an unbiased open mind. Let’s start with the question â€Å"what happened to the dinosaurs? † and there are scores of theories on this matter. The main theory is that a comet struck the earth, and the dust that was raised blocked out the sun. When the sun was blocked out the climate turned cold and the cold-blooded animals couldn’t survive. The flaw in this theory is that we still have animals today such as alligators, crocodiles, and Komodo dragons and supposedly these species date back to before the inosaurs were evolved (according to Evolution). Another theory is E. Baldwin’s exotic notion to say that they use to eat a laxative plant and when this plant went extinct the dinosaurs died out due to constipation. (2002, pp. 210) According to the Bible there was a major catastrophe that wiped out the Dinosaurs as well as most of the life on Earth. This was the great Genesis flood, which was global destroying all of existence except a man named Noah, his family, and two of every kind of animal to be taken aboard an Ark and to repopulate the Earth. Logically, Noah would of obtained only infant animals. This is for three reasons; they eat less, sleep more, and take up less room. This account of a global flood is not only found in the Bible but in every major culture’s history such as China, Mesopotamia, and Polynesian cultures. In 1841 the first use of the term Dinosauria (meaning terrible lizard) was created by the famous British anatomist and Paleontologist Sir Richard Owen. The term was used for the first time at a meeting of the British Association of the Advancement of science held in Plymouth. No reptile now exists which provides a complicated and thecodont dentition with limbs so proportionally large and strong having such well-developed marrow bones and sustaining the weight of the trunk by synchrondrosis or anchylosis to so long and complicated a sacrum, as in the order Dinosauria. † (Owen 42) After that meeting the word Dinosaur became a popular term to describe these giant lizards that were being discover ed by paleontologists. During the 1800’s after the first discovery of theses fossils scientists began to look for clue to what had happened to these â€Å"terrible lizards†. Unfortunately the focus was on the rocks and buried fossils and failed to examine history on what had really happened. Examining ancient history and the historical record you will not find the word â€Å"dinosaur† remember the word dinosaur was not created until 1841. Every culture shared a common name for these creatures but the most familiar is the name dragon. Even in our local library’s dictionary the definition of dragon shares a chilling depiction. Even the old dictionaries recognize these dragons to be real and not apart of myth. It seems that all cultures have different names for these dragons such as the list provided on page 13. Dragon history is nearly universal through ancient cultures. Where did this concept derive? Why is it so universal among cultures that are separated by continents? How did societies through out the world describe, etch, draw, and sew these creatures with such uniformity if they were not of eyewitness accounts? Certain things that aren’t shown to us growing up when learning the evolutionary theory as well as all of history are all of the artwork of the ancient cultures and the people of the culture depicting dinosaurs. It is safe to say that most of all the ancient art are mainly illustrations of everyday life and this gives us a good idea of how these cultures hunted, lived, and the ceremonies they practiced. The highly technical civilization of the Nazca Indians off the coast of Peru flourished from about 1 A. D. to 750 A. D. These cultures produced an array of technologies as well as crafts including ceramics, textiles, and geoglyphs. Today it is still unknown how this culture produced these geoglyphs called the Nazca lines. The Nazca Indians also produced thousands of carvings on burial stones, these carvings are known as the Ica stones. There have been over 16,000 of these remarkable stone found over the years. They contain depictions of daily life, battle scenes, advanced technologies, and most amazingly dinosaurs. Most skeptics try to debunk the Ica stones being a hoax or created during our time period, but the evidence points otherwise. Other than the Ica stones there has been thousands of pieces of ancient art depicting dinosaurs found in many different cultures spreading over the planet. The authenticity of this art has divided skeptics, but most that have no preconceived biases believe in their genuine nature. Here are just some of the different examples of the uniformity of these creatures that are shared. Again, how could each culture depict these dinosaurs if they were not of eyewitness accounts? Could it be possible that dinosaurs still exist today? For at least a hundred years there have been many reputable reports in English speaking countries of seeing a dinosaur like creature in the lakes of Loch Ness, Champlain, and Ogopogo. The accounts describe a Plesiosaur or a water dwelling dinosaur. These lakes are vast bodies of water reaching depths of four hundred feet in certain parts. To add to the elusiveness of these creatures it is believed that like crocodiles, alligators, and caimans this type of dinosaur is nocturnal. The most intriguing of eyewitness reports do not come from the lakes of England, Scotland, or America but from the darkest regions of the African Congo a swamp named Likoula. Likoula is the largest swamp in the world, 55,000 square miles in size and remains eighty percent unexplored. Most civilized people do not venture into these swamps due to the harsh conditions, but tribe’s people living in the swamp say that several creatures that are apparent dinosaurs are still alive today. There’s a creature the natives call Mokele-Embembe â€Å"described as a large animal 16 to 32 feet in length with a long neck and a tail. It is also alleged that the reddish-brow to gray, which lives in the swamp and only eats on vegetation. † (â€Å"Half-God, Half-Beast†, 1999) The National Geographic show â€Å"The Beast Man† presented an episode where the host interviewed a local villager and the experiences he had with the creature. The villager stated, â€Å"it was a long time ago, I was scared and ran away. † (Beast Man) This shows the power of the creature and how scary it can appear. The Bible shares a probable depiction of this very same creature, â€Å"behold now behemoth, which I made with thee; he eateth grass as an ox. Lo now, his strength is in his loins, and his force is in the navel of his belly. He moveth his tail like a cedar: the sinews of his stones are wrapped together. His bones are as strong pieces of brass; his bones are like bars of iron. He is the chief of the ways of God: he that made him can make his sword to approach unto him. † (King James Bible, Job. 40. 15-19) The dangers of the theory of Evolution have affected and corrupted the minds of people for generations. With the evidence shown the devotion put in to this theory brings loyalty similar to no other. Most scientists put all of their faith in science just like as if it were a religion. As a Christian would lay their faith in to the Bible their faith lies in theories that are still not proven today. I chose to interview an Environmental Science professor at our college to question his openness and possibility of such a notion. In my interview with professor Meizeka I asked, â€Å"if dinosaurs still existed and what would that do to the evolutionary theory? He then stated â€Å"it’s not possible† when I told him about the eyewitness accounts in the Likoula Swamp he stammered around the question stating â€Å"it just doesn’t†¦you’re certainly going to find species that we never thought existed, but a large scale dinosaur hard to believe. † My question never seemed to be answered if the theory would be shaken or not but maybe his silence speaks volume s. Why are these issues confronted with such skepticism? What would be the reasoning behind not thoroughly accessing the possibility of this phenomenon? In conclusion through out all of my research and reflecting on my thesis, the Evolutionary Theory has indeed indoctrinated society. The majority of scientists would rather reject the possibility of dinosaurs’ existence with man to better enforce their belief system. The scariest notion is what if this theory was made to prevent our generation and future generations in the belief of creation. (Word Count) 2231 ? Dragons in Different Cultures 1. Arabic: ah-teen (pl. tah-neen), (Al)Tineen, Plural: (Al)Tananeen ? 2. Athebascin (Alasken): Manchu 3. ?Austrian: Drach`n, Lindwurm? 4. Bulgarian: drakon (phonetic), a? aeii (Actual spelling) ? 5. Catalan (N/E Spain): drac ? 6. Chinese: lung/long, Liung (Hakka dialect) ? Chinese: old new: ? 7. Croatian/Serbian: zmaj (pronounced â€Å"zmai† means Dragon), azdaja (pronounced â€Å"azhdaya† means Hydra) ? 8. Czech: Drak, Draeek (Draaachek) ? 9. Danish: drage 10. ?Dansk: drage ? 11. Draconian: Khoth, (pl. Khothu)? Driigaran (music language): C4 G4 C5 D5 B5 C5? Double-Dutch: dridi-gag-dridi-gen? 12. Dutch: draak ? 13. Elven/Drow: Tagnik’zur ? 14. Egg-Latin: Dreggageggon ? 15. English: dragon ? English (Middle): dragun, dragoun ? 16. English (Old): draca ? Enochian: Vovin (Voh-een)? 17. Esperanto: drako, dragono? 18. Estonian: draakon, lohe, lohemadu or tuuleuss (Wind Snake), lendav madu? 19. Euskera (dialect of the Basque Country): Erensuge ? 20. Faeroese: eitt dreki, eitt flogdreki, ein fraenarormur ? Finnish: lohikaarme, draakki, dragoni? 21. Fire Witch tongue: Katash wei’ vorki (kah-TASH whey VOR-key) ? 22. Flambian: kazyeeqen (comes from kazyee-aqen, fire lizard) 23. ?Flemmish: Draeke? French: dragon,dragun, dargon ? 24. Gaelic: Arach ? 25. German: drache (pl. Drachen), Lindwurm, drake (pl. draken) ? 26. Greek: drakon, drako. Male: drakos (or thrakos), Female: drakena (or thrakena) ? 27. Greek (ancient): Male: drakkon (or thrakon), Female: drakkina (or thrakena) 28. ?Hawaiian: Kelekona, (plural) Na Kelekona ? Hebrew: drakon (plural) drakonim, Tanniym ? 29. Hungarian: sarkany ? 30. Icelandic: dreki 31. ?Indonesian: Naga ? I 32. ranian: Ejdeha 33. ?Islamic: th’uban, tinnin ? 34. Italian: drago, dragone, volante, dragonessa ? 35. Japanese: ryu, tatsu ? 36. Jibberish: gidadraggidaen (pronunced â€Å"gid-a-drag-gid-ah-en†)? 37. Klingon: lung’a’ puv (pronounced loong-AH poov) â€Å"Flying Great Lizard† ? 38. Korean: yong ? Latin: draco, dracon, draco, dragon, dragoon, serpent,serpens 39. ?Luxembourgian: Draach ? Middle earth Ency. : Anguloce: generic, Ramaloce: winged dragon, Uruloce: fire breath dragon 40. ?Malay: Naga 41. ?Milanese (Italy): Dragh, Draguun,Dragoon ? 42. New Zeland (Maori): tarakona ? 43. Norse: ormr ? Norsk: drake, dragonet, liten drake ? 44. Norwegian: drage ? Oppish: dropagoponop (pronounced drop-ag-op-an-op)? 45. Ourainic Barb: Duxobum ? 46. Philippines: male: dragon short o, female: Dragona with a short o and a ? 47. Pig-Latin: Agon-dray ? 48. Polish: smok 49. ?Portuguese: dragao ? 0. Quenya (elven): Loke, winged: Ramaloke, sea: Lingwiloke, fire: Uruloke ? 51. Reinitian (of Reinita): Dralaghajh ? Roman: draco ? Romanian: Dragon, (pl. Dragoni), Zmeu (pl. Zmei), dracul, drakul ? 52. Russian: drakon ? Sanskrit: naga (type of snake-human-dragon)? Slovenia: Zmaj = Dragon, Hidra = Hydra.? 53. Spanish: dragon, El Draque, Brujah? 54. Swedish: drake, lindorm ? Swedish (Ancient): flugdrake, floghdraki? 55. Swiss German: Dracha ? 56. Tagalog: drakon ? 57. Thai: mung-korn ? | Works Cited â€Å"Ancient Dinosaur Depictions. † Genesis Park. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Dec. 2012. ;http://www. enesispark. com/exhibits/evidence/historical/ancient/dinosaur/;. (Internet) Conner, Susan, and Linda Kitchen. Science’s Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Outrageous Innovators, Deadly Disasters, and Shocking Discoveries. Washington, D. C. : Brassey’s, 2002. 210. Print. (Book) Crittendon, Jules. â€Å"Half-God, Half Beast. † Boston Herald [Boston] 29 Jan. 1999: n. pag. Print. (Newspaper) Darwin, Charles (1859), The Origin of Species (London: A. L. Burt). (Book) Guth, Alan and Paul Steinhardt (1984), â€Å"The Inflationary Universe,† Scientific American, 250 116-128, May. (Magazine) Hawk, Ray, and E. E. Hubbard. What Is the Law of Conservation of Matter? † WiseGeek. Conjecture, 24 Sept. 2012. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-law-of -conservation-of-matter. htm. (Internet) Job. King James Bible. Nashville, TN: Holman Bible, 1973. Print. (reference) N. p. , n. d. Web. http://www. discoverynews. us/DISCOVERY%20MUSEUM/DinosaurWorld/Cambodia/Dinosaur_Artwork_Cambodia_Temple. html. (Internet) â€Å"John Meizeka. † Personal interview. 29 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Nazca Lines. † , Peru. N. p. , n. d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. sacred-destinations. com/peru/nazca-lines;. (Internet) Neilson, William Allan, Thomas A. Knott, and Paul W. Carhart. Webster’s New International Dictionary of the English Language. Springfield, MA: G. C. Merriam, 1960. Print. (Reference) Owen, Sir Richard. â€Å"Report on British Fossil Reptiles. Part II. † Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 60-204 (1842): 42. Print. (Journal) â€Å"Say â€Å"Dragon†Ã¢â‚¬  How to Say Dragon in Many Languages. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. http://www. draconian. com/say/say. htm. (Internet) Spain, Pat. â€Å"Mokele Mbembe. † The Beast Man. 7 Dec. 2012. Television. (Media) African: nrgwenya ? 58. Afrikaans: Draak ? 59. Arabic: ah-teen (pl. tah-neen), (Al)Tineen, Plural: (Al)Tananeen ? 60. Athebascin (Alasken): Manchu 61. ?Austrian: Drach`n, Lindwurm? 62. Bulgarian: drakon (phonetic), a? aeii (Actual spelling) ? 63. Catalan (N/E Spain): drac ? 64. Chinese: lung/long, Liung (Hakka dialect) ? Chinese: old new: ? 65. Croatian/Serbian: zmaj (pronounced â€Å"zmai† means Dragon), azdaja (pronounced â€Å"azhdaya† means Hydra) ? 66. Czech: Drak, Draeek (Draaachek) ? 67. Danish: drage 68. ?Dansk: drage ? 69. Draconian: Khoth, (pl. Khothu)? Driigaran (music language): C4 G4 C5 D5 B5 C5? Double-Dutch: dridi-gag-dridi-gen? 70. Dutch: draak ? 1. Elven/Drow: Tagnik’zur ? 72. Egg-Latin: Dreggageggon ? 73. English: dragon ? English (Middle): dragun, dragoun ? 74. English (Old): draca ? Enochian: Vovin (Voh-een)? 75. Esperanto: drako, dragono? 76. Estonian: draakon, lohe, lohemadu or tuuleuss (Wind Snake), lendav madu? 77. Euskera (dialect of the Basque Country): Erensuge ? 78. Faeroese: eitt dreki, eitt flogdreki, ein fraenarormur ? Finnish: lohikaarme, draakki, dragoni? 79. Fire Witch tongue: Katash wei’ vorki (kah-TASH whey VOR-key) ? 80. Flambian: kazyeeqen (comes from kazyee-aqen, fire lizard) 81. ?Flemmish: Draeke? French: dragon,dragun, dargon ? 2. Gaelic: Arach ? 83. German: drache (pl. Drachen), Lindwurm, drake (pl. draken) ? 84. Greek: drakon, drako. Male: drakos (or thrakos), Female: drakena (or thrakena) ? 85. Greek (ancient): Male: drakkon (or thrakon), Female: drakkina (or thrakena) 86. ?Hawaiian: Kelekona, (plural) Na Kelekona ? Hebrew: drakon (plural) drakonim, Tanniym ? 87. Hungarian: sarkany ? 88. Icelandic: dreki 89. ?Indonesian: Naga ? I 90. ranian: Ejdeha 91. ?Islamic: th’uban, tinnin ? 92. Italian: drago, dragone, volante, dragonessa ? 93. Japanese: ryu, tatsu ? 94. Jibberish: gidadraggidaen (pronunced â€Å"gid-a-drag-gid-ah-en†)? 95. Klingon: lung’a’ puv (pronounced loong-AH poov) â€Å"Flying Great Lizard† ? 96. Korean: yong ? Latin: draco, dracon, draco, dragon, dragoon, serpent,serpens 97. ?Luxembourgian: Draach ? Middle earth Ency. : Anguloce: generic, Ramaloce: winged dragon, Uruloce: fire breath dragon 98. ?Malay: Naga 99. ?Milanese (Italy): Dragh, Draguun,Dragoon ? 100. New Zeland (Maori): tarakona ? 101. Norse: ormr ? Norsk: drake, dragonet, liten drake ? 102. Norwegian: drage ? Oppish: dropagoponop (pronounced drop-ag-op-an-op)? 103. Ourainic Barb: Duxobum ? 104. Philippines: male: dragon short o, female: Dragona with a short o and a ? 05. Pig-Latin: Agon-dray ? 106. Polish: smok 107. ?Portuguese: dragao ? 108. Quenya (elven): Loke, winged: Ramaloke, sea: Lingwiloke, fire: Uruloke ? 109. Reinitian (of Reinita): Dralaghajh ? Roman: draco ? Romanian: Dragon, (pl. Dragoni), Zmeu (pl. Zmei), dracul, drakul ? 110. Russian: drakon ? Sanskrit: naga (type of snake-human-dragon)? Slovenia: Zm aj = Dragon, Hidra = Hydra.? 111. Spanish: dragon, El Draque, Brujah? 112. Swedish: drake, lindorm ? Swedish (Ancient): flugdrake, floghdraki? 113. Swiss German: Dracha ? 114. Tagalog: drakon ? 115. Thai: mung-korn ? | Dragons in Different Cultures How to cite Weston Meehan, Papers

Contrarian themes in the film Paths of Glory (1957) Essay Example

Contrarian themes in the film Paths of Glory (1957) Paper The film Paths of Glory (1957) is of the few mainstream Hollywood movies of the century to espouse a contrarian theme. While many films of the period talked of issues and the drama surrounding war, Paths of Glory went a step further and made an emphatic statement about the nature and contradictions of war. The anti-war stance of the film was a risk both in terms of commercial logic and public sentiment. But its creators bravely took that risk and pulled off an impressive outcome. This essay will argue that, despite the modest box office success of the film, it is a major critical, cultural and cinematic success due to the bold portrayal of contrarian themes. Stanley Kubrick’s Paths of Glory is a unique film, not only in terms of the strong anti-war message, but also in the manner in which it was conveyed. Based on a novel by Humphrey Cobb of the same name, the film is set during the First World War and stars Kirk Douglas (Colonel Dax) in the lead role. The heroic authorial stance of the film is unconventional in that it perceives of glory in a radically different way. Taken from Thomas Grey’s famous lines of poem that goes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ the paths of glory lead but to the grave†, author Humphrey Cobb takes up Paths of Glory for the title with implied irony. Kirk Douglass give an excellent performance in translating and presenting the spirit of the story onscreen. (Kane, 1988, p.90) We will write a custom essay sample on Contrarian themes in the film Paths of Glory (1957) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Contrarian themes in the film Paths of Glory (1957) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Contrarian themes in the film Paths of Glory (1957) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In conventional Hollywood of the time, any glorification in relation to war came via acts of courage and sacrifice, even if it proved fatal. But Paths of Glory spun around this idea and projected glory in an altogether new light. Here, glory would represent the refusal to act on official orders, and instead act on moral convictions. (Stam, 2000, p.14) This message is not easy for the audience to digest, for America’s participation in the Great War was seen as an act of moral responsibility by a majority of its citizens. (Belton, 1994, p.170) Moreover, the film captures the conflicting interests of the officers and the soldiers in real battle situations. Behind the facade of unity (as most war propaganda would have people believe) officers can at times deliberately put the lives of their subordinates at jeopardy. This is evident in the film, as French General Mireau (played by George Macready), orders his division to embark upon a suicidal mission to capture a strongly en-forted German position. As this move would earn Mireau a promotion, he was bent on acting solely for self gain, as against the spirit of unity that is expected in military divisions. (Suid, 2002, p.748) The film will have to be lauded for showing these bitter internal political realities within a major national institution such as a military in the backdrop of the heat, chaos and intrigue of war. The director pulls off this feat as realistically as possible. Where other movies would evade or underplay such uncomforting truths, Paths of Glory bravely took on a commitment to ground realities. (Altman, 1999, p.14) Colonel Dax (played by Kirk Douglas) is the hero of the film, as he sees to protecting soldiers under his charge from the selfish designs of General Mireau. As a way of deflecting blame from himself, Mireau orders the Court Martial of 100 of his soldiers (later reduced to 3) for cowardice and refusal to obey orders. It is at this juncture that the denouement of the film unfolds, as Colonel Dax (who served as a civilian lawyer prior to his military engagement) takes up the cause of the hapless soldiers and defends their case. Director Stanley Kubrick makes yet another bold statement via his realistic portrayal of the dynamics of power. Although Court Martial are supposed to conform to commonly accepted principles of jurisprudence, fairness, justice and due process of law, in the case the three unfortunate soldiers who are sentenced to death (essentially summarily after the farcical ‘trial’). (Clarke, 2006, p.112) Hence, in conclusion, Paths of Glory is satisfactory in terms of aesthetics, screenplay, dialogue and story. But where it excels most is in the unconventional thematic elements it incorporates. It also excels in giving new meanings and interpretations to the concept of ‘glory’ in war. It’s contrarian view of glory, largely showcased through the character of Colonel Dax, leaves a lasting impression on the discerning and thoughtful viewer. Works Cited: Primary Resource: Directed by Stanley Kubrick, Paths of Glory (1957), Bryna Productions, Distributed by United Artists, United States. Secondary Resources: Altman, Rick. Film/Genre . BFI Publishing (1999). ISBN 0-85170-717-3; ISBN 978-0-85170-717-4 Belton, John. American Cinema/American Culture. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994, pp. 165-171, ISBN 978-0070044661. Kane, Kathryn. â€Å"The World War II Combat Film†. In: Wes D. Gehring (ed.) Handbook of American Film Genres. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988, pp. 90-91, ISBN 978-0313247156. Clarke, James (2006). War Films. Virgin Books. ISBN 9780753510940 Grant, Barry Keith. Film Genre: From Iconography to Ideology. Wallflower Press: 2007. Suid, Lawrence (2002). Guts Glory: The Making of the American Military Image in Film (2 ed.). University Press of Kentucky. pp. 748.ISBN 0813190185, 978-0813190181. Retrieved 2/12/2009. Stam, Robert. Film Theory: An Introduction. Malde, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2000. 14

This Side of Paradise F. Scott Fitzgerald Quotes

'This Side of Paradise' F. Scott Fitzgerald Quotes With This Side of Paradise (his debut novel), F. Scott Fitzgerald took the literary world by storm (the first printing sold out in a matter of days). And, with the success of this work, he was able to win back Zelda (with whom he would have such a tumultuous relationship for so many years to come). The book was first published in 1920. Here are a few quotes. This Side of Paradise Quotes From Book 1 She had once been a Catholic, but discovering that priests were infinitely more attentive when she was in process of losing or regaining faith in Mother Church, she maintained an enchantingly wavering attitude. Book 1, Ch 1 They slipped briskly into an intimacy from which they never recovered. Book 1, Ch 1 He wanted to kiss her, kiss her a lot, because then he knew he could leave in the morning and not care. On the contrary, if he didnt kiss her, it would worry him.... It would interfere vaguely with his idea of himself as a conqueror. It wasnt dignified to come off second best, pleading, with a doughty warrior like Isabelle. Book 1, Ch. 3 Dont let yourself feel worthless; often through life you will really be at your worst when you seem to think best of yourself; and dont worry about losing your personality, as you persist in calling it; at fifteen you had the radiance of early morning, at twenty you will begin to have the melancholy brilliance of the moon, and when you are my age you will give out, as I do, the genial golden warmth of 4 P.M. Book 1, Ch. 3 Never walk near the bed; to a ghost, your ankle is your most vulnerable partonce in bed, youre safe; he may lie around under the bed all night, but youre safe as daylight. If you still have doubts pull the blanket over your head. Book 1, Ch. 4 This has nothing to do with will-power; thats a crazy, useless word, anyway; you lack judgment- the judgment to decide at once when you know your imagination will play you false, given half a chance. Book 1, Ch. 4 Life was a damned muddle... a football game with every one off-side and the referee gotten rid of- every one claiming the referee would have been on his side... Book 1, Ch. 5 Quotes From Book 2 All life was transmitted into terms of their love, all experience, all desires, all ambitions, were nullified- their senses of humor crawled into corners to sleep; their former love-affairs seemed faintly laughable and scarcely regretted juvenalia. Book 2, Ch 1 I have your best interests at heart when I tell you not to take a step youll spend your days regretting. Its not as if your father could help you. Things have been hard for him lately and hes an old man. Youd be dependent absolutely on a dreamer, a nice, well-born boy, but a dreamer- merely clever. (She implies that this quality in itself is rather vicious.) Book 2, Ch 1 People try so hard to believe in leaders now, pitifully hard. But we no sooner get a popular reformer or politician or soldier or writer or philosopher- a Roosevelt, a Tolstoi, a Wood, a Shaw, a Nietzsche, than the cross-currents of criticism wash him away. My Lord, no man can stand prominence these days. Its the surest path to obscurity. People get sick of hearing the same name over and over. Book 2, Ch 2 I regretted my lost youth when I only envy the delights of losing it. Youth is like having a big plate of candy. Sentimentalists think they want to be in the pure, simple state they were in before they ate the candy. They dont. They just want the fun of eating it all over again. The matron doesnt want to repeat her girlhood- she wants to repeat her honeymoon. I dont want to repeat my innocence. I want the pleasure of losing it again. Book 2, Ch 5 Progress was a labyrinth ... people plunging blindly in and then rushing wildly back, shouting that they had found it ... the invisible king- the à ©lan vital- the principle of evolution ... writing a book, starting a war, founding a school... Book 2, Ch. 5 He found something that he wanted, had always wanted and always would want- not to be admired, as he had feared; not to be loved, as he had made himself believe; but to be necessary to people, to be indispensable... Book 2, Ch. 5 Life opened up in one of its amazing bursts of radiance and Amory suddenly and permanently rejected an old epigram that had been playing listlessly in his mind: Very few things matter and nothing matters very much. Book 2, Ch. 5 Modern life... changes no longer century by century, but year by year, ten times faster than it ever has before- populations doubling, civilizations unified more closely with other civilizations, economic interdependence, racial questions, and- were dawdling along. My idea is that weve got to go very much faster. Book 2, Ch. 5 Im restless. My whole generation is restless. Im sick of a system where the richest man gets the most beautiful girl if he wants her, where the artist without an income has to sell his talents to a button manufacturer. Even if I had no talents Id not be content to work ten years, condemned either to celibacy or a furtive indulgence, to give some mans son an automobile. Book 2, Ch. 5 As an endless dream it went on; the spirit of the past brooding over a new generation, the chosen youth from the muddled, unchastened world, still fed romantically on the mistakes and half-forgotten dreams of dead statesmen and poets. Here was a new generation, shouting the old cries, learning the old creeds, through a revery of long days and nights; destined finally to go out into that dirty gray turmoil to follow love and pride; a new generation dedicated more than the last to the fear of poverty and the worship of success; grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken.... Book 2, Ch. 5

Spring Break Yall! (How to Break Spring on a Budget)

Spring Break Yall! (How to Break Spring on a Budget) Spring Break Yall! (How to Break Spring on a Budget) WOO! SPRING BREAK! PROOFREADER PARTY! YEAH! SOMETHING ABOUT GOING WILD! OK, we’ll admit it, proofreaders are generally bookish, happier quietly reading a novel than running naked and screaming through the streets of Cancun while being cheered on by our peers. Were not entirely sure whats happening here, but its definitely not proofreading. Nevertheless, we’ve managed to come up with a few handy tips for the cash-strapped among you, as partying hard can be expensive. Pack Everything You Need Sure, it’s in the spirit of freedom and fun to leave the house with nothing but the clothes on your back, a plane ticket, your passport, some shades and a six-pack. However, if you end up paying for a camera, sunblock and everything else you need while away at tourist-resort prices, you might end up wishing you packed a suitcase. All the Fun is in the Journey Driving isn’t as quick as flying, but if you have a car, some friends to chip in for gas and some good music for the stereo it can be a fun (and relatively inexpensive) way to get where you’re going. If you cant even afford gas, a toy car and a map will have to do. Find Somewhere Cheap to Stay When booking somewhere to stay, go directly via the hotel’s website or ring them and book over the phone to cut out the middle-man fee. Booking in advance will also help, as rooms can become expensive if you wait too long. An even cheaper alternative is to holiday by house-sitting for someone. Just try not to break their stuff. Remember Your Student ID You might be leaving college behind for a while, but your student ID can be pretty useful during spring break; lots of companies offer a student discount, so it never hurts to ask. Make Your Own Food Buying a few groceries and making your own meals is always much cheaper than eating out at restaurants or ordering in, especially if you’re splitting the cost with friends. Don’t Go Anywhere If your budget doesn’t extend to travel and accommodation, dont worry; you can still have fun without going anywhere. Spring break is a great time to explore your town, catch up with old friends, throw a party or watch every single episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (actually, you might need more than a week for that last one). Alternatively, you could get a temp job, then spend the money you make on a vacation in the summer!

EU Common Agricultural Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

EU Common Agricultural Policy - Essay Example onsumer market.5 While CAP is based on the welfare of rural communities and areas, the fact is that it is not a realistic policy and is the source of economic problems that can only be resolved through the reform of CAP and the liberalization of EU agricultural trade policy. The EU CAP is a source of several problems. In the first place, creating a common agricultural policy means reforming the agricultural strategies and policies which are used in twenty-five member countries. Establishing and implementing a common policy for the Western European countries was difficult but the enlargement of the European Union to include Eastern European countries made it very difficult. It did not just mean that the new member countries had to abide by CAP policies but that they had to change their agricultural policies and strategies in order to be able to adhere to CAP.6 A second important problem is the economic consequences of CAP. As a result of CAP, the price of agricultural goods was raised and, as mentioned earlier, these prices were not related to those on the global market. In addition, to make sure that cheaper agricultural goods did not enter the EU market and compete with EU agricultural produce, levies were imposed on imported goods to make up the price difference. As the price of agricultural goods went up to their highest levels and because EU agricultural producers were protected from competition, there was a greater incentive to produce and the EU eventually became the world's second largest agricultural exporter. 7 The problem developed when the price of agricultural goods dropped on the international market but the price of EU agricultural goods remained high. This meant that EU farmers continued to produce surplus and that the EU had to continue to support its farmers. In 1988, 62% of the EU's budget went to agricultural goods.8 Th is was a serious economic problem and the EU could not any longer support CAP under these circumstances. Its economic cost was too high. The identified problems are serious. The first refers to the difficulties of implementing a common agricultural policy and the second to the difficulties of economically supporting these policies. Therefore, for the European Union leaders it was clear that these problems could only be solved through the reform of CAP. 3 Reform Policies CAP reforms were first implemented in 1988. The first set of reforms focused on limiting agricultural outputs and,

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) isn't wrong. It just doesn't go Essay

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) isn't wrong. It just doesn't go far enough. Discuss - Essay Example The cpitl sset pricing model (CPM) theory ssumes tht n investor expects yield on certin security equivlent to the risk free rte (sy tht rte chievble on six-month Tresury bills) plus premium bsed on mrket vribility of return X mrket risk premium. In Winter 1991, the mrket risk premium on listed U.S. common stocks ppers to hve been bout 6.5%, ccording to sttistics published in the Qurterly Review, Winter 1991, by the Federl Reserve Bnk of New York (though the Ibbotson study found it to exceed 8% from the mid 1920s through 1987). Thus in period of 4% infltion, the T-bill rte might be ppropritely 4.5 to 5%; four- or five-yer Tresury note should hve yield of 5.5 to 6%; Tresury bonds should yield percent higher thn this; nd corporte bond yields should hve even higher returns to compenste for their dditionl credit or business risk. The cpitl sset pricing model for this scenrio suggests tht nnul returns on low-bet electric utility might be .05 + .50 bet (.065) = 8.25%. bout 75% of this might come from dividends nd the blnce from expected growth in dividends over n extended time period. By contrst, n verge stock with bet of 1.00 should provide rte of return of 4.5 to 5.0% plus the mrket premium of 6.5% or between 11 nd 12%. high-bet stock (one operting in cyclicl industry, for exmple) with bet, or reltive mrket voltility in price, of 1.50 should provide mrket return of 5.0% + 1.50 (0.065) or bout 15%. We could convert these from ernings price rtios to price-ernings (P-E) rtios nd determine tht the electric utilities, in this scenrio, should trde t bout 12 P-E rtio nd the high-bet stock should trde t P-E rtio of bout 6 to 7 . Three-yer verge (smoothed) ernings for these type firms hve, in fct, provided bout these P-E levels for highly cyclicl stocks during recent yers. The problem is in how to evlute bove verge or super growth rte for non- or low-dividend-pying stocks, topic of mjor concern to investment fundmentlists. Since stocks re bought on the bsis of expected returns for the next yer (or for severl yers into the future), perceived shift in the rte of infltion (or of the interest rte level), will send most common stocks to higher or lower levels. Strength of the overll economy, the sector in which the firm opertes, its own industry's strengths nd weknesses, nd individul firm's chrcteristics likewise hve bering on the ssessed mrket vlue of equity issues. In fct, this hypothesis is greed on by most fundmentlists nd technicins. The pproch recommended by most investment fundmentlists moves from the mcro to the micro nlysis. First of ll, we should determine if the overll stock mrket is the plce to be. Next, we should zero in on the industries tht re showing bove-verge strength. Next, we should select individul firms tht re likely to led others in their respective industries. In generl, the security mrket line, t given point in time, ppers to do resonbly efficient job of explining differences in expected yields on lterntive types of finncil issues. The cpitl sset pricing model is merely grph showing the nticipted yields on securities trded in money nd cpitl mrkets with vrying degrees of finncil risk. The trend line tht joins the points on the grph is referred to s the security mrket line. Mrket yields re shown on the y (verticl) xis nd the vribility of return on the x (horizontl) xis.

A Stranger is Watching Essay -- essays papers

A Stranger is Watching In novels there are many literary devices that an author may use. Suspense is one that is used to grab the reader’s attention and keep reading. Mary Higgins Clark demonstrates suspense throughout her novel, A Stranger Is Watching by giving only so much information then she will direct your attention to something else so the reader keeps reading. Some suspenseful scenes that the author demonstrates in the novel are when an intruder is in the Peterson home and is pointing a gun at Sharon’s head, another is when Sharon is in the kidnapper’s car and cleverly puts her ring in the seat so maybe someone would find it, and when Mrs. Perry comes to the Peterson home and tells everyone that she knows the voice of the kidnapper. When Sharon and Neil are home alone at the Peterson home waiting for Mr. Peterson to arrive home from work someone rings the doorbell. Neil then scrambles for the door thinking that it was his father and is stopped by Sharon telling him to ask who it is because his father would have his key. The stranger on the other side of the d...

Leadership Essay

The importance in developing greatness and achieving success lies within the ability to carry out Level 5 leadership. It is evident that companies who are Level 5 leaders have prospered greatly and attained â€Å"stock returns at least 3 times the market’s† (Collins, 2005). Taking this into consideration those companies who did not possess level 5 leaders were able to achieve success only for a period of time but failed to sustain it any longer than that. Humility and will are behaviours that make up the qualities of a level 5 leader and their importance lies in the fact that having this quality either can make or break a company. Over many years, out of a large number of companies that were researched, only a small number of them truly sustained their growth and this came down to whether or not the leaders of these Fortune 500 companies sat atop the hierarchy or whether they lacked the level 5 trait. There are also implications for today’s management and the issue of whether executives need to plan for the future and weigh the costs against the benefits of certain projects. Workplace branding is also an important factor that needs to be taken into consideration by Level 5 leaders as they have huge potential to influence their organization’s brand. Furthermore, level 5 leadership is an attribute that can be developed but is not for everyone. Analysis Leadership is a significant element in any business as without it, a business is doomed to fail right from the start. Having a strong leader can eliminate disputes and internal problems. A company must have internal strength before it can be strong enough to outperform the general market. Humility in a Level 5 Leader We can characterize a level 5 leader by many unique traits however, the two most important according to Jim Collins is humility and will. Collins depicts these leaders as â€Å"modest and willful, shy and fearless† (Collins, 2005). Jim Collins defines a level 5 leader as â€Å"an executive in whom genuine personal humility blends with intense professional will† (Collins, 2005). He describes a hierarchy where level 5 leaders sit on the top and exhibit these tendencies while working in professional frameworks supported by effective teamwork. Since a level 5 leader is said to have both humility and will, level 5 leaders exhibit a twofold quality, therefore, humility is positively acknowledged as a quality of successful leaders. Humility is a key aspect to level 5 leadership and those that emboss this quality often â€Å"credit others, external factors, and good luck for their companies’ success† (Collins, 2005). These types of leaders, when commenting on their company success will praise the employees for contributing their skills and efforts to its triumph and shy away from giving themselves attention. According to a report, â€Å"a leader who has humility is unlikely to impose their own personal vision on others and is more likely to admit any flaw in their own vision† (Lawrence, 2006). Instead of crediting themselves and their own efforts they exhibit a type of nature that allows them to recognize others. Leaders with humility â€Å"don’t seek success for their own glory–and they’re first to accept blame for mistakes† (Mind Tools Ltd. , 2013). Level 5 leaders possess â€Å"the seed† (Collins, 2005) which is a quality that allows them to â€Å"subjugate to something larger than themselves† (Collins, 2005). This is a powerful virtue and one that sets those company’s who succeed apart from those that fail. Those leaders that possess humility managed to transition their companies from good to great. We have seen in comparison companies that failed to do this, their downfall was their lack in humility. As a result, we can make the connection that humility is necessary to a company’s success. A company is a network of people who work as a team and leaders that display humbleness towards their employees, by taking responsibility when things go wrong and recognizing the team for their hard work, will reach eminent success. Companies that exhibited this kind of behaviour included Kroger Co, Kimberly-Clark, and Gillette to name a few, while others such as A&P, Scott Paper, and Bank of America were comprised of leaders that were self centered. It is evident that these types of leaders led their company to destruction especially during the 2007 to 2008 crisis. In this case and every other, â€Å"humility matters [because] chaos could have been averted if appointment committees had recruited Level 5 leaders† (Mind Tools Ltd. , 2013). Collins was able to change the worlds view about what makes a great leader which many thought was charisma and personality. The mistake most of these comparison companies made was believing that level 5 leaders’ gentle and shy nature would bring them down when in reality, those characteristics are what brought them to the top. Comparison company leaders felt that charisma and forwardness was the way to the top of the hierarchy however, they soon found out this was not the key to success. Other important characteristics that mold a level 5 leader is discipline, determination, and integrity. While most people believe that having an extreme personality is necessary, they fail to recognize that these traits are what makes up some peoples personalities, which is what makes them great leaders. Jim Collins emphasized Darwin Smith in this respect; a man with â€Å"iron will† (Collins, 2005) and one that never stopped having faith in the success of his company. There arises a compelling need for leadership in a business and this need stems from the â€Å"desire to grow and achieve higher goals [which] never develops,† (Martin, 1999) if there is no potent leader in place. Corporate Changes in Leadership As only 11 Fortune 500 companies flourished to greatness, the attributes each company possessed in similarities was Level 5 leadership. These 11 companies that made Collins list â€Å"averaged returns 6. 9 times greater than the market’s,† (Collins, 2001) doubling the returns of their rivals. There have been many attempts to change a corporate vision by changing leadership however, setting a new direction has not shown anticipated results nor has â€Å"articulating a fresh corporate vision† (Collins, 2001). The mistake most companies have made is focusing more on the direction of the business rather than the people implementing the strategy. World leaders have sought to take advantage of this unique approach by having the right people on the management team and then divulging into the â€Å"what† question many have asked. Having a company comprised of the right people is the most important step because these types of people can adapt to changing circumstances rather than having to adapt the company’s direction to match the teams vision. What leaders such as Darwin Smith did, was develop a hedgehog concept where they can â€Å"simplify a complex world into a single, organizing idea† (Collins, 2001) and take their company to new lengths. Kimberly-Clark Kimberly Clark, a paper company, was one of these that had remained successful after experiencing a change in leadership. With Darwin E. Smith in position to act as CEO, the company was transformed into the giant success that it is today. Initially, Kimberly-Clark was just like any other old paper company that was considered good but not great. All that changed when Darwin Smith became CEO in 1971. This man was credited with turning Kimberly-Clark into â€Å"an innovative consumer products powerhouse† (Anshuman, 2005). The first step to its transformation was the elimination of the Kimberly-Clark mills. Many people were skeptical about the move but Darwin’s determination allowed the company to overcome its rivals and beat the market. It was his strength and leadership that paved the way for its transformation. Anshuman mentions in his blog that Smith made sure his leadership team consisted of those people that met his standards and separated them from those who did not (2005, October 22). By building strength within the company first, Darwin was able to create strength externally as well, which gave the company an advantage and allowed it to expand geographically. Furthermore, Darwin pushed his efforts towards strengthening â€Å"the company’s position in the tissue segment of the paper industry† (Anshuman, 2005). It was evident that these newly implemented strategies were thriving since â€Å"stockholders experienced returns of 19. 6% annually† (Anshuman, 2005) and it was his qualities of crediting others for the company’s success that truly brought it to greatness. Before Darwin, Kimberly-Clark’s CEO was headed in the wrong direction as its â€Å"stock had fallen 36% behind the general market,† (Collins, 2005) and this was no small number. The reason for this fall was because the company’s leadership team was not focused on its main operations and the areas that would bring the company to greatness which in turn caused Kimberly-Clark to fall short. This downfall was brought by Kimberly-Clark’s failure â€Å"to keep up with early disposable diaper improvements and market innovations† (Funding Universe, n. d. ). Clearly Smith had the right idea when he took the initiative to merge with Scott Paper. After its transformation, Kimberly Clark was â€Å"generating stock returns 4. 1 times greater than the general markets† (Collins, 2005). Kimberly-Clark became â€Å"the leading consumer paper products company in the world,† (Collins, 2005) outperforming not only the market but even other giant, well known, companies such as Hewlett-Packard, General Electric, and Coca-Cola. Kimberly-Clark was on Collins’ list because the company was able to sustain greatness after they had attained it for the first time. Smith succeeded in making Kimberly-Clark a great company and this was possible because he had the qualities of a level 5 leader. It is duly noted that transforming a company from good to great is not an easy task but those leaders holding â€Å"this paradoxical combination of traits,† (Collins, 2005) those of humility and professional will, have the ability to achieve this prominence. What Kimberly-Clark’s team and other great companies did was not starting something new but essentially taking the action to stop doing something they have done for many years. To discontinue a main part of their business is what led them to become great. For Kimberly-Clark, â€Å"that meant it would have to stop doing paper mills,† (Collins, 2001) for other companies it may mean eliminating unnecessary or time consuming strategies. This company did not achieve success over night or by some miracle but through â€Å"simplicity and diligence† (Collins, 2001). Kroger Co Kroger Co, a grocery store chain, was normally seen as an ‘average’ company or nothing out of the ordinary until it dramatically transformed and started racking up large returns. When it â€Å"broke free of its mediocrity to beat the stock market by 4. 16 times,† (Collins, 2001) it continued its rally and in a 15 year period â€Å"Kroger outperformed the market by 10 times† (Collins, 2001). Before this occurred however, Kroger was run by leaders that were less likely to succeed and turn the company around to sustainability. From the early years, Kroger was a successful company because its strategy emphasized customer wants and needs rather than the organizations’ itself, although for the first 80 years it was nothing more than average. However, a main reason for Kroger’s experienced growth lay in its acquisitions such as the one with Dillon Companies Inc. in 1983 which smoothed Kroger’s transition into â€Å"[becoming] a coast-to-coast operator of food, drug and convenience stores† (The Kroger Company, 2013). During the time of this acquisition, Lyle Everingham was CEO of Kroger and his leadership skills led the company â€Å"to utilize extensive consumer research to focus on meeting customer needs first, rather than on what suited Kroger best,† (Zwiebach, 2008) which is the vision Kroger initially set out in the beginning and proved to be successful. The acquisition with Dillon was not the most significant either but it was Kroger’s merger with Fred Meyer that developed the company’s geographic culture as well as created the â€Å"widest variety of formats in the foot retailing industry† (The Kroger Company, 2013). This merger under the direction of the next CEO, Joseph A. Pichler, created a major buzz and resulted from his outward looking perspective. All of these leaders possessed the skills that allowed them to sustain the growth in the business which was seen in the many years Kroger beat the stock market. Following the years of average performance, the leaders from there on in all had something in common; they were all level 5 leaders who contributed their own efforts to continuing Kroger’s growth and â€Å"from 1973 to 1998, Kroger outperform the market by 10 times† (Collins, 2001). 1973 was Kroger’s turning point and leaders realized that the current model was going to continue demonstrating average performance so they took the initiative and â€Å"began eliminating, changing or replacing every single one of its stores† (Thill, 2003) to fit new certainties. The common link between these companies was their approach: â€Å"a down-to-earth, pragmatic, committed-to-excellence process† (Collins, 2001). In other words, this framework kept successful companies on the right path and molded them into their strong counterparts that were able to uphold their greatness. The changes in leadership that these companies experienced resulted in momentum change where this increase in energy encouraged them to keep going and carrying it on with greater velocity until exceptional results were produced.

Connor Surname Meaning and Origin

Connelly is a patronymic surname, the shortened form O’Connor, which in turn is an Anglicization of the Gaelic Ó Conchobhair or Ó Conchà ºir, meaning descendant of Conchobhar. The name Conchobhar is thought to mean lover of hounds, from the Gaelic con, meaning hound or wolf, and cobhair, aid, or desiring. The Connor name is also thought to denote strength and leadership, from conn, meaning wisdom, strength, counsel, plus cobhair. The OConnors descend from several distinct royal Irish families and clans; they are from Clare, Derry, Galway, Kerry, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo and the province of Ulster. CONNOR is one of 50 common Irish surnames of modern Ireland. Surname Origin: Irish Alternate Surname Spellings: CONNER, CONOR, OCONNOR, OCONOR, COUROY, CON, CONE, CONNE, KONNOR Famous People with the Surname CONNOR: Sandra Day OConnor - former U.S. Supreme Court justiceRoger Connor - American baseball Hall of FamerFlannery OConnor - American writerSinà ©ad OConnor - Irish singer-songwriter Genealogy Resources for the Surname CONNOR and OCONNOR British Surname Profiler - Distribution of the Connor Surname: Trace the geography and history of the Connor surname through this free online database based on a University College London (UCL) project investigating the distribution of surnames in Great Britain, both current and historic.Connor Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Connor surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Connor surname query.FamilySearch - CONNOR Genealogy: Find historical records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Connor surname and its variations.CONNOR Surname Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Connor surname.Cousin Connect - CONNOR Genealogy Queries: Read or post genealogy queries for the surname Connor, and sign up for free notification when new Connor queries are added.DistantCousin.com - CONNOR Genealogy Family History:  Free databases and genealogy links f or the last name Connor.